Бэкапы VM с ротацией и ночным расписанием были добавлены
Страница /backups: ручной бэкап любой VM (сжатый qcow2, работающая VM ставится на паузу на время копирования), восстановление в выключенную VM, удаление копий и настройка ночного расписания. Ротация хранит заданное число копий. Установщик создаёт virtuality-backup.timer, ночной запуск ведёт журнал /var/log/virtuality/backup.log. Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com> Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01PKUoZwHMCHnytfswFVRUHw
Этот коммит содержится в:
Claude
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#!/usr/bin/env python3
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"""Бэкапы дисков VM: сжатые qcow2-копии в /var/lib/virtuality/backups.
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Без внешних зависимостей — модуль используется и веб-панелью, и ночным
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systemd-таймером (запуск: python3 backup_core.py --scheduled).
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"""
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import json
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import re
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import subprocess
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import sys
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import threading
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from datetime import datetime
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from pathlib import Path
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from typing import Any
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BACKUPS_DIR = Path("/var/lib/virtuality/backups")
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SCHEDULE_FILE = Path("/var/lib/virtuality/config/backup_schedule.json")
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SCHEDULE_LOCK = threading.Lock()
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LOG_FILE = Path("/var/log/virtuality/backup.log")
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DEFAULT_KEEP = 5
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def valid_vm_name(name: str) -> bool:
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return bool(re.fullmatch(r"[a-zA-Z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9_.-]{1,62}", name or ""))
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def valid_backup_filename(name: str) -> bool:
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return bool(re.fullmatch(r"[a-zA-Z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9_.-]{0,120}\.qcow2", name or ""))
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def backup_dir_for(vm_name: str) -> Path | None:
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if not valid_vm_name(vm_name):
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return None
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path = (BACKUPS_DIR / vm_name).resolve()
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if BACKUPS_DIR.resolve() not in path.parents:
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return None
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return path
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def backup_path(vm_name: str, filename: str) -> Path | None:
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vm_dir = backup_dir_for(vm_name)
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if vm_dir is None or not valid_backup_filename(filename):
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return None
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path = (vm_dir / filename).resolve()
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if vm_dir not in path.parents:
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return None
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return path
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def new_backup_path(vm_name: str) -> Path | None:
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vm_dir = backup_dir_for(vm_name)
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if vm_dir is None:
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return None
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stamp = datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d_%H%M%S")
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return vm_dir / f"{vm_name}_{stamp}.qcow2"
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def list_backups() -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
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backups = []
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if not BACKUPS_DIR.exists():
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return backups
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for vm_dir in sorted(BACKUPS_DIR.iterdir()):
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if not vm_dir.is_dir() or not valid_vm_name(vm_dir.name):
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continue
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for item in sorted(vm_dir.glob("*.qcow2"), reverse=True):
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try:
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stat = item.stat()
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except OSError:
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continue
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backups.append({
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"vm": vm_dir.name,
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"name": item.name,
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"path": str(item),
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"size": f"{stat.st_size / 1024 / 1024:.0f} MB",
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"created": datetime.fromtimestamp(stat.st_mtime).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M"),
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})
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return backups
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def rotate_backups(vm_name: str, keep: int) -> list[str]:
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"""Удаляет старые бэкапы сверх keep. Возвращает имена удалённых файлов."""
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vm_dir = backup_dir_for(vm_name)
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if vm_dir is None or not vm_dir.exists() or keep < 1:
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return []
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files = sorted(vm_dir.glob("*.qcow2"), key=lambda p: p.stat().st_mtime, reverse=True)
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removed = []
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for stale in files[keep:]:
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try:
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stale.unlink()
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removed.append(stale.name)
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except OSError:
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pass
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return removed
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def load_schedule() -> dict[str, Any]:
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try:
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data = json.loads(SCHEDULE_FILE.read_text())
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if isinstance(data, dict):
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return {
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"enabled": bool(data.get("enabled", False)),
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"vms": [name for name in data.get("vms", []) if isinstance(name, str) and valid_vm_name(name)],
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"keep": max(1, min(30, int(data.get("keep", DEFAULT_KEEP)))),
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}
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except Exception:
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pass
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return {"enabled": False, "vms": [], "keep": DEFAULT_KEEP}
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def save_schedule(enabled: bool, vms: list[str], keep: int) -> dict[str, Any]:
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config = {
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"enabled": bool(enabled),
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"vms": sorted({name for name in vms if valid_vm_name(name)}),
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"keep": max(1, min(30, int(keep))),
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}
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with SCHEDULE_LOCK:
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SCHEDULE_FILE.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
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tmp_path = SCHEDULE_FILE.with_suffix(".json.tmp")
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tmp_path.write_text(json.dumps(config, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2))
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tmp_path.replace(SCHEDULE_FILE)
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return config
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def build_backup_script(vm_name: str, disk_path: str, target: Path) -> str:
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"""Скрипт бэкапа: пауза работающей VM на время копии, сжатый qcow2, resume.
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Для выключенной VM virsh suspend/resume тихо провалятся — это нормально.
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"""
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part = f"{target}.part"
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return (
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"set -uo pipefail; "
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f"mkdir -p {target.parent}; "
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f"virsh suspend {vm_name} >/dev/null 2>&1 && RESUME=1 || RESUME=0; "
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f"qemu-img convert -p -c -O qcow2 {disk_path} {part}; STATUS=$?; "
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f"[ \"$RESUME\" = 1 ] && virsh resume {vm_name} >/dev/null 2>&1; "
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f"[ $STATUS -ne 0 ] && rm -f {part} && exit $STATUS; "
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f"mv {part} {target}"
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)
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def build_restore_script(disk_path: str, backup_file: Path) -> str:
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part = f"{disk_path}.restore"
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return (
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"set -euo pipefail; "
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f"qemu-img convert -p -O qcow2 {backup_file} {part}; "
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f"mv {part} {disk_path}"
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)
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# ---- CLI-режим для ночного systemd-таймера ----
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def _log(message: str) -> None:
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LOG_FILE.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
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stamp = datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
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with LOG_FILE.open("a", encoding="utf-8") as handle:
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handle.write(f"[{stamp}] {message}\n")
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def _run(cmd: list[str], timeout: int = 60) -> subprocess.CompletedProcess:
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return subprocess.run(cmd, capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=timeout, check=False)
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def first_disk_of(vm_name: str) -> str | None:
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result = _run(["virsh", "domblklist", vm_name, "--details"])
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if result.returncode != 0:
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return None
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for line in result.stdout.splitlines()[2:]:
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parts = line.split()
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if len(parts) >= 4 and parts[1] == "disk" and parts[3].endswith(".qcow2"):
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return parts[3]
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return None
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def run_scheduled_backups() -> int:
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config = load_schedule()
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if not config["enabled"]:
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_log("Расписание выключено — выходим.")
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return 0
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if not config["vms"]:
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_log("Расписание включено, но список VM пуст.")
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return 0
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failures = 0
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for vm_name in config["vms"]:
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disk = first_disk_of(vm_name)
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if not disk:
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_log(f"{vm_name}: qcow2-диск не найден, пропуск.")
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failures += 1
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continue
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target = new_backup_path(vm_name)
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if target is None:
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_log(f"{vm_name}: некорректное имя VM, пропуск.")
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failures += 1
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continue
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_log(f"{vm_name}: бэкап {disk} → {target}")
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result = subprocess.run(["bash", "-c", build_backup_script(vm_name, disk, target)], capture_output=True, text=True, check=False)
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if result.returncode == 0:
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removed = rotate_backups(vm_name, config["keep"])
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_log(f"{vm_name}: готово" + (f", ротация удалила: {', '.join(removed)}" if removed else ""))
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else:
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failures += 1
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_log(f"{vm_name}: ошибка бэкапа (код {result.returncode}): {result.stderr.strip()[:400]}")
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return 1 if failures else 0
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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if "--scheduled" in sys.argv:
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sys.exit(run_scheduled_backups())
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print("Использование: backup_core.py --scheduled", file=sys.stderr)
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sys.exit(2)
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