Подготовка к 0.11: общий модуль core.py, каталог облачных образов, образцы вывода virsh

- web/core.py: настройки, авторизация, run_cmd, хранилище фоновых операций
  и шаблоны вынесены в общий модуль, чтобы новые функции жили в отдельных
  модулях; app.py пока не переключён;
- web/catalog.py: официальные облачные образы Ubuntu 26.04/24.04,
  Debian 13, Alpine 3.23 (amd64/arm64) и типы ОС для установки с ISO;
- tests/fixtures: реалистичный вывод virsh для тестов будущих парсеров;
- presenters.format_bytes.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.1 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_019LEUXMcdZo7b87mjkUsPgg

web/catalog.py

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+"""Catalog of ready-to-run cloud images for the quick VM flow.
+
+Each entry points to the vendor's official cloud image. Images boot in seconds
+and are configured through cloud-init (user, password, SSH key) — no installer.
+"""
+from typing import Any
+
+# osinfo ids must exist in osinfo-db shipped with Ubuntu 24.04+/Debian 13.
+CLOUD_IMAGES: list[dict[str, Any]] = [
+    {
+        "id": "ubuntu-26.04",
+        "title": "Ubuntu Server 26.04 LTS",
+        "vendor": "Ubuntu",
+        "hint": "Самая свежая LTS, поддержка до 2031 года. Рекомендуем.",
+        "osinfo": "ubuntu24.04",
+        "recommended": True,
+        "login": "ubuntu",
+        "arches": {
+            "x86_64": {"url": "https://cloud-images.ubuntu.com/resolute/current/resolute-server-cloudimg-amd64.img", "sums": "https://cloud-images.ubuntu.com/resolute/current/SHA256SUMS", "algo": "sha256"},
+            "aarch64": {"url": "https://cloud-images.ubuntu.com/resolute/current/resolute-server-cloudimg-arm64.img", "sums": "https://cloud-images.ubuntu.com/resolute/current/SHA256SUMS", "algo": "sha256"},
+        },
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "ubuntu-24.04",
+        "title": "Ubuntu Server 24.04 LTS",
+        "vendor": "Ubuntu",
+        "hint": "Проверенная LTS, поддержка до 2029 года.",
+        "osinfo": "ubuntu24.04",
+        "login": "ubuntu",
+        "arches": {
+            "x86_64": {"url": "https://cloud-images.ubuntu.com/noble/current/noble-server-cloudimg-amd64.img", "sums": "https://cloud-images.ubuntu.com/noble/current/SHA256SUMS", "algo": "sha256"},
+            "aarch64": {"url": "https://cloud-images.ubuntu.com/noble/current/noble-server-cloudimg-arm64.img", "sums": "https://cloud-images.ubuntu.com/noble/current/SHA256SUMS", "algo": "sha256"},
+        },
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "debian-13",
+        "title": "Debian 13",
+        "vendor": "Debian",
+        "hint": "Лёгкий и стабильный. Хорош для домашних сервисов.",
+        "osinfo": "debian13",
+        "login": "debian",
+        "arches": {
+            "x86_64": {"url": "https://cloud.debian.org/images/cloud/trixie/latest/debian-13-genericcloud-amd64.qcow2", "sums": "https://cloud.debian.org/images/cloud/trixie/latest/SHA512SUMS", "algo": "sha512"},
+            "aarch64": {"url": "https://cloud.debian.org/images/cloud/trixie/latest/debian-13-genericcloud-arm64.qcow2", "sums": "https://cloud.debian.org/images/cloud/trixie/latest/SHA512SUMS", "algo": "sha512"},
+        },
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "alpine-3.23",
+        "title": "Alpine Linux 3.23",
+        "vendor": "Alpine",
+        "hint": "Очень маленький: 200 МБ на диске, стартует мгновенно.",
+        "osinfo": "alpinelinux3.21",
+        "login": "alpine",
+        "arches": {
+            "x86_64": {"url": "https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.23/releases/cloud/nocloud_alpine-3.23.0-x86_64-uefi-cloudinit-r0.qcow2", "sums": "https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.23/releases/cloud/nocloud_alpine-3.23.0-x86_64-uefi-cloudinit-r0.qcow2.sha512", "algo": "sha512", "uefi": True},
+            "aarch64": {"url": "https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.23/releases/cloud/nocloud_alpine-3.23.0-aarch64-uefi-cloudinit-r0.qcow2", "sums": "https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.23/releases/cloud/nocloud_alpine-3.23.0-aarch64-uefi-cloudinit-r0.qcow2.sha512", "algo": "sha512", "uefi": True},
+        },
+    },
+]
+
+# OS families for the "install from ISO" flow. virt-install picks the right
+# virtual hardware from osinfo: Windows gets SATA/e1000e (works without extra
+# drivers), win11 additionally gets UEFI + TPM.
+OS_TYPES: list[dict[str, Any]] = [
+    {"id": "linux", "title": "Linux", "hint": "Ubuntu, Debian, Fedora и другие", "osinfo": "detect=on,require=off"},
+    {"id": "windows11", "title": "Windows 11 / Server 2025", "hint": "Нужны UEFI и TPM — включим сами", "osinfo": "win11"},
+    {"id": "windows10", "title": "Windows 10 / Server 2019–2022", "hint": "Классическая загрузка", "osinfo": "win10"},
+    {"id": "other", "title": "Другая система", "hint": "FreeBSD, старые ОС, экзотика", "osinfo": "generic"},
+]
+
+
+def cloud_image(image_id: str) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
+    return next((item for item in CLOUD_IMAGES if item["id"] == image_id), None)
+
+
+def os_type(type_id: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    return next((item for item in OS_TYPES if item["id"] == type_id), OS_TYPES[0])
+
+
+def image_filename(entry: dict[str, Any], arch: str) -> str:
+    url = entry["arches"][arch]["url"]
+    return url.rsplit("/", 1)[-1]